runtime: account for _Pgcstop in GC CPU pause time in a fine-grained way

The previous CL, CL 570257, made it so that STW time no longer
overlapped with other CPU time tracking. However, what we lost was
insight into the CPU time spent _stopping_ the world, which can be just
as important. There's pretty much no easy way to measure this
indirectly, so this CL implements a direct measurement: whenever a P
enters _Pgcstop, it writes down what time it did so. stopTheWorld then
accumulates all the time deltas between when it finished stopping the
world and each P's stop time into a total additional pause time. The GC
pause cases then accumulate this number into the metrics.

This should cause minimal additional overhead in stopping the world. GC
STWs already take on the order of 10s to 100s of microseconds. Even for
100 Ps, the extra `nanotime` call per P is only 1500ns of additional CPU
time. This is likely to be much less in actual pause latency, since it
all happens concurrently.

Change-Id: Icf190ffea469cd35ebaf0b2587bf6358648c8554
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/574215
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Hillegeer <aktau@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>

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