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Git for Windows doesn't support anything prior to Windows 8.1 since 2.47.0
and Git followed along with commits like ce6ccba (mingw: drop Windows
7-specific work-around, 2025-08-04).
There is no need to pretend to the compiler that we still support Windows
Vista, just to lock us out of easy access to newer APIs. There is also no
need to have conflicting and unused definitions claiming we support some
versions of Windows XP or even Windows NT 4.0.
Bump all definitions of _WIN32_WINNT to a realistic value of Windows 8.1.
This will also simplify code for a followup commit that will improve cpu
core detection on multi-socket systems.
Signed-off-by: Matthias Aßhauer <mha1993@live.de>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The `mingw_strftime()` wrapper exists to work around msvcrt.dll's
incomplete `strftime()` implementation by dynamically loading the
version from ucrtbase.dll at runtime via `LoadLibrary()` +
`GetProcAddress()`. When the binary is already linked against UCRT
(i.e. when building in the UCRT64 environment), the linked-in
`strftime()` is the ucrtbase.dll version, making the dynamic loading
needless churn: It's calling the very same code.
Simply guard both the declaration and implementation so that the
unnecessary work-around is skipped in UCRT builds.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Allow recording process ID of the process that holds the lock next
to a lockfile for diagnosis.
* pc/lockfile-pid:
lockfile: add PID file for debugging stale locks
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When a lock file is held, it can be helpful to know which process owns
it, especially when debugging stale locks left behind by crashed
processes. Add an optional feature that creates a companion PID file
alongside each lock file, containing the PID of the lock holder.
For a lock file "foo.lock", the PID file is named "foo~pid.lock". The
tilde character is forbidden in refnames and allowed in Windows
filenames, which guarantees no collision with the refs namespace
(e.g., refs "foo" and "foo~pid" cannot both exist). The file contains
a single line in the format "pid <value>" followed by a newline.
The PID file is created when a lock is acquired (if enabled), and
automatically cleaned up when the lock is released (via commit or
rollback). The file is registered as a tempfile so it gets cleaned up
by signal and atexit handlers if the process terminates abnormally.
When a lock conflict occurs, the code checks for an existing PID file
and, if found, uses kill(pid, 0) to determine if the process is still
running. This allows providing context-aware error messages:
Lock is held by process 12345. Wait for it to finish, or remove
the lock file to continue.
Or for a stale lock:
Lock was held by process 12345, which is no longer running.
Remove the stale lock file to continue.
The feature is controlled via core.lockfilePid configuration (boolean).
Defaults to false. When enabled, PID files are created for all lock
operations.
Existing PID files are always read when displaying lock errors,
regardless of the core.lockfilePid setting. This ensures helpful
diagnostics even when the feature was previously enabled and later
disabled.
Signed-off-by: Paulo Casaretto <pcasaretto@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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When creating directories via `safe_create_leading_directories()`, we
might encounter an already-existing directory which is not
readable by the current user. To handle that situation, Git's code calls
`stat()` to determine whether we're looking at a directory.
In such a case, `CreateFile()` will fail, though, no matter what, and
consequently `mingw_stat()` will fail, too. But POSIX semantics seem to
still allow `stat()` to go forward.
So let's call `mingw_lstat()` to the rescue if we fail to get a file
handle due to denied permission in `mingw_stat()`, and fill the stat
info that way.
We need to be careful to not allow this to go forward in case that we're
looking at a symbolic link: to resolve the link, we would still have to
create a file handle, and we just found out that we cannot. Therefore,
`stat()` still needs to fail with `EACCES` in that case.
This fixes https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/2531.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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As of Windows 10 Build 14972 in Developer Mode, a new flag is supported
by `CreateSymbolicLink()` to create symbolic links even when running
outside of an elevated session (which was previously required).
This new flag is called `SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE`
and has the numeric value 0x02.
Previous Windows 10 versions will not understand that flag and return
an `ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER`, therefore we have to be careful to try
passing that flag only when the build number indicates that it is
supported.
For more information about the new flag, see this blog post:
https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2016/12/02/symlinks-windows-10/
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Symlinks on Windows have a flag that indicates whether the target is a
file or a directory. Symlinks of wrong type simply don't work. This even
affects core Win32 APIs (e.g. `DeleteFile()` refuses to delete directory
symlinks).
However, `CreateFile()` with FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS does work. Check
the target type by first creating a tentative file symlink, opening it,
and checking the type of the resulting handle. If it is a directory,
recreate the symlink with the directory flag set.
It is possible to create symlinks before the target exists (or in case
of symlinks to symlinks: before the target type is known). If this
happens, create a tentative file symlink and postpone the directory
decision: keep a list of phantom symlinks to be processed whenever a new
directory is created in `mingw_mkdir()`.
Limitations: This algorithm may fail if a link target changes from file
to directory or vice versa, or if the target directory is created in
another process. It's the best Git can do, though.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Implement `symlink()`. This implementation always creates _file_
symlinks (remember: Windows discerns between symlinks pointing to
directories and those pointing to files). Support for directory symlinks
will be added in a subseqeuent commit.
This implementation fails with `ENOSYS` if symlinks are disabled or
unsupported.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Implement `readlink()` by reading NTFS reparse points via the
`read_reparse_point()` function that was introduced earlier to determine
the length of symlink targets. Works for symlinks and directory
junctions.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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If symlinks are enabled, resolve all symlinks when changing directories,
as required by POSIX.
Note: Git's `real_path()` function bases its link resolution algorithm
on this property of `chdir()`. Unfortunately, the current directory on
Windows is limited to only MAX_PATH (260) characters. Therefore using
symlinks and long paths in combination may be problematic.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Older MSVCRT's `_wrename()` function cannot rename symlinks over
existing files: it returns success without doing anything. Newer
MSVCR*.dll versions probably do not share this problem: according to CRT
sources, they just call `MoveFileEx()` with the `MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED`
flag.
Avoid the `_wrename()` call, and go with directly calling
`MoveFileEx()`, with proper error handling of course.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The `_wunlink()` and `DeleteFileW()` functions refuse to delete symlinks
to directories on Windows; The error code would be `ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED`
in that case. Take that error code as an indicator that we need to try
`_wrmdir()` as well. In the best case, it will remove a symlink. In the
worst case, it will fail with the same error code again.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The Win32 API calls do not set `errno`; Instead, error codes for failed
operations must be obtained via the `GetLastError()` function. Git would
not know what to do with those error values, though, which is why Git's
Windows compatibility layer translates them to `errno` values.
Let's handle a couple of symlink-related error codes that will become
relevant with the upcoming support for symlinks on Windows.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Symlinks on Windows don't work the same way as on Unix systems. For
example, there are different types of symlinks for directories and
files, and unless using a recent-ish Windows version in Developer Mode,
creating symlinks requires administrative privileges.
By default, disable symlink support on Windows. That is, users
explicitly have to enable it with `git config [--system|--global]
core.symlinks true`; For convenience, `git init` (and `git clone`)
will perform a test whether the current setup allows creating symlinks
and will configure that setting in the repository config.
The test suite ignores system / global config files. Allow
testing *with* symlink support by checking if native symlinks are
enabled in MSYS2 (via setting the special environment variable
`MSYS=winsymlinks:nativestrict` to ask the MSYS2 runtime to enable
creating symlinks).
Note: This assumes that Git's test suite is run in MSYS2's Bash, which
is true for the time being (an experiment to switch to BusyBox-w32
failed due to the experimental nature of BusyBox-w32).
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In several places, Git's Windows-specific code follows the pattern where
it tries to perform an operation, and retries several times when that
operation fails, sleeping an increasing amount of time, before finally
giving up and asking the user whether to rety (after, say, closing an
editor that held a handle to a file, preventing the operation from
succeeding).
This logic is a bit hard to use, and inconsistent:
`mingw_unlink()` and `mingw_rmdir()` duplicate the code to retry,
and both of them do so incompletely. They also do not restore `errno` if the
user answers 'no'.
Introduce a `retry_ask_yes_no()` helper function that handles retry with
small delay, asking the user, and restoring `errno`.
Note that in `mingw_unlink()`, we include the `_wchmod()` call in the
retry loop (which may fail if the file is locked exclusively).
In `mingw_rmdir()`, we include special error handling in the retry loop.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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POSIX specifies that upon successful return from `lstat()`: "the
value of the st_size member shall be set to the length of the pathname
contained in the symbolic link not including any terminating null byte".
Git typically doesn't trust the `stat.st_size` member of symlinks (e.g.
see `strbuf_readlink()`). Therefore, it is tempting to save on the extra
overhead of opening and reading the reparse point merely to calculate
the exact size of the link target.
This is, in fact, what Git for Windows did, from May 2015 to May 2020.
At least almost: some functions take shortcuts if `st_size` is 0 (e.g.
`diff_populate_filespec()`), hence Git for Windows hard-coded the length
of all symlinks to MAX_PATH.
This did cause problems, though, specifically in Git repositories
that were also accessed by Git for Cygwin or Git for WSL. For example,
doing `git reset --hard` using Git for Windows would update the size of
symlinks in the index to be MAX_PATH; at a later time Git for Cygwin
or Git for WSL would find that symlinks have changed size during `git
status` and update the index. And then Git for Windows would think that
the index needs to be updated. Even if the symlinks did not, in fact,
change. To avoid that, the correct size must be determined.
Signed-off-by: Bill Zissimopoulos <billziss@navimatics.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Move the `S_IFLNK` detection to `file_attr_to_st_mode()`.
Implement `DT_LNK` detection in dirent.c's `readdir()` function.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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When obtaining lstat information for reparse points, we need to call
`FindFirstFile()` in addition to `GetFileInformationEx()` to obtain
the type of the reparse point (symlink, mount point etc.). However,
currently there is no error handling whatsoever if `FindFirstFile()`
fails.
Call `FindFirstFile()` before modifying the `stat *buf` output parameter
and error out if the call fails.
Note: The `FindFirstFile()` return value includes all the data
that we get from `GetFileAttributesEx()`, so we could replace
`GetFileAttributesEx()` with `FindFirstFile()`. We don't do that because
`GetFileAttributesEx()` is about twice as fast for single files. I.e.
we only pay the extra cost of calling `FindFirstFile()` in the rare case
that we encounter a reparse point.
Please also note that the indentation the remaining reparse point
code changed, and hence the best way to look at this diff is with
`--color-moved -w`. That code was _not_ moved because a subsequent
commit will move it to an altogether different function, anyway.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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With the new `mingw_stat()` implementation, `do_lstat()` is only called
from `mingw_lstat()` (with the function parameter `follow == 0`). Remove
the extra function and the old `mingw_stat()`-specific (`follow == 1`)
logic.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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With respect to symlinks, the current `mingw_stat()` implementation is
almost identical to `mingw_lstat()`: except for the file type (`st_mode
& S_IFMT`), it returns information about the link rather than the target.
Implement `mingw_stat()` by opening the file handle requesting minimal
permissions, and then calling `GetFileInformationByHandle()` on it. This
way, all links are resolved by the Windows file system layer.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The Win32 API function `GetFileAttributes()` cannot handle paths with
trailing dir separators. The current `mingw_stat()`/`mingw_lstat()`
implementation calls `GetFileAttributes()` twice if the path has
trailing slashes (first with the original path that was passed as
function parameter, and and a second time with a path copy with trailing
'/' removed).
With the conversion to wide Unicode, we get the length of the path for
free, and also have a (wide char) buffer that can be modified. This
makes it easy to avoid that extraneous Win32 API call.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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As pointed out in https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/1676,
the `git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree` command currently fails when
the current directory's path contains symbolic links.
The underlying reason for this bug is that `getcwd()` is supposed to
resolve symbolic links, but our `mingw_getcwd()` implementation did not.
We do have all the building blocks for that, though: the
`GetFinalPathByHandleW()` function will resolve symbolic links. However,
we only called that function if `GetLongPathNameW()` failed, for
historical reasons: the latter function was supported for a long time,
but the former API function was introduced only with Windows Vista, and
we used to support also Windows XP. With that support having been
dropped, we are free to call the symbolic link-resolving function right
away.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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* js/test-symlink-windows:
t7800: work around the MSYS path conversion on Windows
t6423: introduce Windows-specific handling for symlinking to /dev/null
t1305: skip symlink tests that do not apply to Windows
t1006: accommodate for symlink support in MSYS2
t0600: fix incomplete prerequisite for a test case
t0301: another fix for Windows compatibility
t0001: handle `diff --no-index` gracefully
mingw: special-case `open(symlink, O_CREAT | O_EXCL)`
apply: symbolic links lack a "trustable executable bit"
t9700: accommodate for Windows paths
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The `_wopen()` function would gladly follow a symbolic link to a
non-existent file and create it when given above-mentioned flags.
Git expects the `open()` call to fail, though. So let's add yet another
work-around to pretend that Windows behaves according to POSIX, see:
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/functions/open.html#:~:text=If%20O_CREAT%20and%20O_EXCL%20are,set%2C%20the%20result%20is%20undefined.
This is required to let t4115.8(--reject removes .rej symlink if it
exists) pass on Windows when enabling the MSYS2 runtime's symbolic link
support.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Rewrite the only use of "mktemp()" that is subject to TOCTOU race
and Stop using the insecure "mktemp()" function.
* rs/ban-mktemp:
compat: remove gitmkdtemp()
banned.h: ban mktemp(3)
compat: remove mingw_mktemp()
compat: use git_mkdtemp()
wrapper: add git_mkdtemp()
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Remove the mktemp(3) compatibility function now that its last caller was
removed by the previous commit.
Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The "return errno = EFOO, -1" construct, which is heavily used in
compat/mingw.c and triggers warnings under "-Wcomma", has been
rewritten to avoid the warnings.
* js/mingw-assign-comma-fix:
mingw: avoid the comma operator
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The pattern `return errno = ..., -1;` is observed several times in
`compat/mingw.c`. It has served us well over the years, but now clang
starts complaining:
compat/mingw.c:723:24: error: possible misuse of comma operator here [-Werror,-Wcomma]
723 | return errno = ENOSYS, -1;
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See for example this failing workflow run:
https://github.com/git-for-windows/git-sdk-arm64/actions/runs/15457893907/job/43513458823#step:8:201
Let's appease clang (and also reduce the use of the no longer common
comma operator).
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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It allows for more consistent patches that way.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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We want to make them relative to the top-level directory.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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It was reported to the Git for Windows project that a simple `git init`
fails on Windows Server 2016:
D:\Dev\test> git init
error: could not write config file D:/Dev/test/.git/config: Function not implemented
fatal: could not set 'core.repositoryformatversion' to '0'
According to https://endoflife.date/windows-server, Windows Server 2016
is officially supported for another one-and-a-half years as of time of
writing, so this is not good.
The culprit is the `mingw_rename()` changes that try to use POSIX
semantics when available, but fail to fall back properly on Windows
Server 2016.
This fixes https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/5695.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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ReFS is an alternative filesystem to NTFS. On Windows 2022, it seems not
to support the rename operation using POSIX semantics that Git uses on
Windows as of 391bceae4350 (compat/mingw: support POSIX semantics for
atomic renames, 2024-10-27).
However, Windows 2022 reports `ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED` in this instance.
This is in contrast to `ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER` (as previous Windows
versions would report that do not support POSIX semantics in renames at
all).
Let's handle both errors the same: by falling back to the best-effort
option, namely to rename without POSIX semantics.
This fixes https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/5427
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In ac33519ddfa8 (mingw: restrict file handle inheritance only on Windows
7 and later, 2019-11-22), I introduced code to safe-guard the
defense-in-depth handling that restricts handles' inheritance so that it
would work with Windows 7, too.
Let's revert this patch: Git for Windows dropped supporting Windows 7 (and
Windows 8) directly after Git for Windows v2.46.2. For full details, see
https://gitforwindows.org/requirements#windows-version.
Actually, on second thought: revert only the part that makes this handle
inheritance restriction logic optional and that suggests to open a bug
report if it fails, but keep the fall-back to try again without said
logic: There have been a few false positives over the past few years
(where the warning was triggered e.g. because Defender was still
accessing a file that Git wanted to overwrite), and the fall-back logic
seems to have helped occasionally in such situations.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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CreateFileW() requires FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS to create a directory
handle [1] and errors out with ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED without this flag.
Fall back to accessing Directory handles this way.
[1] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-createfilew#directories
This fixes https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/5068
Signed-off-by: Matthias Aßhauer <mha1993@live.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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A future change will start using sigaction to setup a SIGCHLD signal
handler.
The current code uses signal(), which returns SIG_ERR (but doesn't
seem to set errno) so instruct sigaction() to do the same.
A new SA flag will be needed, so copy the one from Cygwin; note that
the sigaction() implementation that is provided won't use it, so
its value is otherwise irrelevant.
Signed-off-by: Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón <carenas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Fix lockfile contention in reftable code on Windows.
* ps/mingw-creat-excl-fix:
compat/mingw: fix EACCESS when opening files with `O_CREAT | O_EXCL`
meson: fix compat sources when compiling with MSVC
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Portability fix.
* ps/reftable-windows-unlink-fix:
reftable: ignore file-in-use errors when unlink(3p) fails on Windows
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The check for dubious ownership has one particular quirk on Windows: if
running as an administrator, files owned by the Administrators _group_
are considered owned by the user.
The rationale for that is: When running in elevated mode, Git creates
files that aren't owned by the individual user but by the Administrators
group.
There is yet another quirk, though: The check I introduced to determine
whether the current user is an administrator uses the
`CheckTokenMembership()` function with the current process token. And
that check only succeeds when running in elevated mode!
Let's be a bit more lenient here and look harder whether the current
user is an administrator. We do this by looking for a so-called "linked
token". That token exists when administrators run in non-elevated mode,
and can be used to create a new process in elevated mode. And feeding
_that_ token to the `CheckTokenMembership()` function succeeds!
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In our CI systems we can observe that t0610 fails rather frequently.
This testcase races a bunch of git-update-ref(1) processes with one
another which are all trying to update a unique reference, where we
expect that all processes succeed and end up updating the reftable
stack. The error message in this case looks like the following:
fatal: update_ref failed for ref 'refs/heads/branch-88': reftable: transaction prepare: I/O error
Instrumenting the code with a couple of calls to `BUG()` in relevant
sites where we return `REFTABLE_IO_ERROR` quickly leads one to discover
that this error is caused when calling `flock_acquire()`, which is a
thin wrapper around our lockfile API. Curiously, the error code we get
in such cases is `EACCESS`, indicating that we are not allowed to access
the file.
The root cause of this is an oddity of `CreateFileW()`, which is what
`_wopen()` uses internally. Quoting its documentation [1]:
If you call CreateFile on a file that is pending deletion as a
result of a previous call to DeleteFile, the function fails. The
operating system delays file deletion until all handles to the file
are closed. GetLastError returns ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED.
This behaviour is triggered quite often in the above testcase because
all the processes race with one another trying to acquire the lock for
the "tables.list" file. This is due to how locking works in the reftable
library when compacting a stack:
1. Lock the "tables.list" file and reads its contents.
2. Decide which tables to compact.
3. Lock each of the individual tables that we are about to compact.
4. Unlock the "tables.list" file.
5. Compact the individual tables into one large table.
6. Re-lock the "tables.list" file.
7. Write the new list of tables into it.
8. Commit the "tables.list" file.
The important step is (4): we don't commit the file directly by renaming
it into place, but instead we delete the lockfile so that concurrent
processes can continue to append to the reftable stack while we compact
the tables. And because we use `DeleteFileW()` to do so, we may now race
with another process that wants to acquire that lockfile. So if we are
unlucky, we would now see `ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED` instead of the expected
`ERROR_FILE_EXISTS`, which the lockfile subsystem isn't prepared to
handle and thus it will bail out without retrying to acquire the lock.
In theory, the issue is not limited to the reftable library and can be
triggered by every other user of the lockfile subsystem, as well. My gut
feeling tells me it's rather unlikely to surface elsewhere though.
Fix the issue by translating the error to `EEXIST`. This makes the
lockfile subsystem handle the error correctly: in case a timeout is set
it will now retry acquiring the lockfile until the timeout has expired.
With this, t0610 is now always passing on my machine whereas it was
previously failing in around 20-30% of all test runs.
[1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-createfilew
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Since 183ea3ea (Merge branch 'ps/mingw-rename', 2024-11-13),
a new technique is used on Windows to rename files, where supported.
The first step of this technique is to open the file with
`CreateFileW`. At that time, `FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL` was passed as
the value of the `dwFlagsAndAttributes` argument. In b30404df [2], this
was improved by passing `FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS`, to support
directories as well as regular files.
However, neither value of `dwFlagsAndAttributes` is sufficient to open
a symbolic link with the correct semantics to rename it. Symlinks on
Windows are reparse points. Attempting to open a reparse point with
`CreateFileW` dereferences the reparse point and opens the target
instead, unless `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT` is included in
`dwFlagsAndAttributes`. This is documented for that flag and in the
"Symbolic Link Behavior" section of the `CreateFileW` docs [3].
This produces a regression where attempting to rename a symlink on
Windows renames its target to the intended new name and location of the
symlink. For example, if `symlink` points to `file`, then running
git mv symlink symlink-renamed
leaves `symlink` in place and unchanged, but renames `file` to
`symlink-renamed` [4].
This regression is detectable by existing tests in `t7001-mv.sh`, but
the tests must be run by a Windows user with the ability to create
symlinks, and the `ln -s` command used to create the initial symlink
must also be able to create a real symlink (such as by setting the
`MSYS` environment variable to `winsymlinks:nativestrict`). Then
these two tests fail if the regression is present, and pass otherwise:
38 - git mv should overwrite file with a symlink
39 - check moved symlink
Let's fix this, so that renaming a symlink again renames the symlink
itself and leaves the target unchanged, by passing
FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT
as the `dwFlagsAndAttributes` argument. This is sufficient (and safe)
because including `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT` causes no harm even
when used to open a file or directory that is not a reparse point. In
that case, as noted in [3], this flag is simply ignored.
[1]: https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/commit/183ea3eabf81822506d2cd3aa1dc0727099ebccd
[2]: https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/commit/b30404dfc04a4b087b630aea4ab88a51cd3a7459
[3]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-createfilew
[4]: https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/5436
Signed-off-by: Eliah Kagan <eliah.kagan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Unlinking a file may fail on Windows systems when the file is still held
open by another process. This is incompatible with POSIX semantics and
by extension with Git's assumed semantics when unlinking files, which
is that files can be unlinked regardless of whether they are still open
or not. To counteract this incompatibility, we have some custom error
handling in the `mingw_unlink()` wrapper that first retries the deletion
with some delay, and then asks the user whether we should continue to
retry.
While this logic might be sensible in many callsites throughout Git, it
is less when used in the reftable library. We only use unlink(3) there
to delete tables which aren't referenced anymore, and the code is very
aware of the limitations on Windows. As such, all calls to unlink(3p)
don't perform any error checking at all and are fine with the call
failing.
Instead, the library provides the `reftable_stack_clean()` function,
which Git knows to execute in git-pack-refs(1) after compacting a stack.
The effect of this function is that all stale tables will eventually get
deleted once they aren't kept open anymore.
So while we're fine with unlink(3p) failing, the Windows-emulation of
that function will still perform several sleeps and ultimately end up
asking the user:
$ git pack-refs
Unlink of file 'C:/temp/jgittest/jgit/.git/reftable/0x000000000002-0x000000000004-50486d0e.ref' failed. Should I try again? (y/n) n
Unlink of file 'C:/temp/jgittest/jgit/.git/reftable/0x000000000002-0x000000000004-50486d0e.ref' failed. Should I try again? (y/n) n
Unlink of file 'C:/temp/jgittest/jgit/.git/reftable/0x000000000002-0x000000000004-50486d0e.ref' failed. Should I try again? (y/n) n
It even asks multiple times, which is doubly annoying and puzzling to
the user:
1. It asks when trying to delete the old file after having written the
compacted stack.
2. It asks when reloading the stack, where it will try to unlink
now-unreferenced tables.
3. It asks when calling `reftable_stack_clean()`, where it will try to
unlink now-stale tables.
Fix the issue by making it possible to disable this behaviour with a
preprocessor define. As "git-compat-util.h" is only included from
"system.h", and given that "system.h" is only ever included by headers
and code that are internal to the reftable library, we can set that
macro in this header without impacting anything else but the reftable
library.
Reported-by: Christian Reich <Zottelbart@t-online.de>
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Update the way rename() emulation on Windows handle directories to
correct an earlier attempt to do the same.
* js/mingw-rename-fix:
mingw_rename: do support directory renames
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In 391bceae435 (compat/mingw: support POSIX semantics for atomic
renames, 2024-10-27), we taught the `mingw_rename()` function to respect
POSIX semantics, but we did so only as a fallback after `_wrename()`
fails.
This hid a bug in the implementation that was not caught by Git's test
suite: The `CreateFileW()` function _can_ open handles to directories,
but not when asked to use the `FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL` flag, as that flag
only is allowed for files.
Let's fix this by using the common `FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS` flag
that can be used for opening handles to directories, too.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Mark code units that generate warnings with `-Wsign-compare`. This
allows for a structured approach to get rid of all such warnings over
time in a way that can be easily measured.
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The MinGW compatibility layer has been taught to support POSIX
semantics for atomic renames when other process(es) have a file
opened at the destination path.
* ps/mingw-rename:
compat/mingw: support POSIX semantics for atomic renames
compat/mingw: allow deletion of most opened files
compat/mingw: share file handles created via `CreateFileW()`
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By default, Windows restricts access to files when those files have been
opened by another process. As explained in the preceding commits, these
restrictions can be loosened such that reads, writes and/or deletes of
files with open handles _are_ allowed.
While we set up those sharing flags in most relevant code paths now, we
still don't properly handle POSIX-style atomic renames in case the
target path is open. This is failure demonstrated by t0610, where one of
our tests spawns concurrent writes in a reftable-enabled repository and
expects all of them to succeed. This test fails most of the time because
the process that has acquired the "tables.list" lock is unable to rename
it into place while other processes are busy reading that file.
Windows 10 has introduced the `FILE_RENAME_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS` flag
that allows us to fix this usecase [1]. When set, it is possible to
rename a file over a preexisting file even when the target file still
has handles open. Those handles must have been opened with the
`FILE_SHARE_DELETE` flag, which we have ensured in the preceding
commits.
Careful readers might have noticed that [1] does not mention the above
flag, but instead mentions `FILE_RENAME_POSIX_SEMANTICS`. This flag is
not for use with `SetFileInformationByHandle()` though, which is what we
use. And while the `FILE_RENAME_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS` flag exists, it is
not documented on [2] or anywhere else as far as I can tell.
Unfortunately, we still support Windows systems older than Windows 10
that do not yet have this new flag. Our `_WIN32_WINNT` SDK version still
targets 0x0600, which is Windows Vista and later. And even though that
Windows version is out-of-support, bumping the SDK version all the way
to 0x0A00, which is Windows 10 and later, is not an option as it would
make it impossible to compile on Windows 8.1, which is still supported.
Instead, we have to manually declare the relevant infrastructure to make
this feature available and have fallback logic in place in case we run
on a Windows version that does not yet have this flag.
On another note: `mingw_rename()` has a retry loop that is used in case
deleting a file failed because it's still open in another process. One
might be pressed to not use this loop anymore when we can use POSIX
semantics. But unfortunately, we have to keep it around due to our
dependence on the `FILE_SHARE_DELETE` flag. While we know to set that
sharing flag now, other applications may not do so and may thus still
cause sharing violations when we try to rename a file.
This fixes concurrent writes in the reftable backend as demonstrated in
t0610, but may also end up fixing other usecases where Git wants to
perform renames.
[1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/ntifs/ns-ntifs-_file_rename_information
[2]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/ns-winbase-file_rename_info
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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On Windows, we emulate open(3p) via `mingw_open()`. This function
implements handling of some platform-specific quirks that are required
to make it behave as closely as possible like open(3p) would, but for
most cases we just call the Windows-specific `_wopen()` function.
This function has a major downside though: it does not allow us to
specify the sharing mode. While there is `_wsopen()` that allows us to
pass sharing flags, those sharing flags are not the same `FILE_SHARE_*`
flags as `CreateFileW()` accepts. Instead, `_wsopen()` only allows
concurrent read- and write-access, but does not allow for concurrent
deletions. Unfortunately though, we have to allow concurrent deletions
if we want to have POSIX-style atomic renames on top of an existing file
that has open file handles.
Implement a new function that emulates open(3p) for existing files via
`CreateFileW()` such that we can set the required sharing flags.
While we have the same issue when calling open(3p) with `O_CREAT`,
implementing that mode would be more complex due to the required
permission handling. Furthermore, atomic updates via renames typically
write to exclusive lockfile and then perform the rename, and thus we
don't have to handle the case where the locked path has been created
with `O_CREATE`. So while it would be nice to have proper POSIX
semantics in all paths, we instead aim for a minimum viable fix here.
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
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Unless told otherwise, Windows will keep other processes from reading,
writing and deleting files when one has an open handle that was created
via `CreateFileW()`. This behaviour can be altered via `FILE_SHARE_*`
flags:
- `FILE_SHARE_READ` allows a concurrent process to open the file for
reading.
- `FILE_SHARE_WRITE` allows a concurrent process to open the file for
writing.
- `FILE_SHARE_DELETE` allows a concurrent process to delete the file
or to replace it via an atomic rename.
This sharing mechanism is quite important in the context of Git, as we
assume POSIX semantics all over the place. But there are two callsites
where we don't pass all three of these flags:
- We don't set `FILE_SHARE_DELETE` when creating a file for appending
via `mingw_open_append()`. This makes it impossible to delete the
file from another process or to replace it via an atomic rename. The
function was introduced via d641097589 (mingw: enable atomic
O_APPEND, 2018-08-13) and has been using `FILE_SHARE_READ |
FILE_SHARE_WRITE` since the inception. There aren't any indicators
that the omission of `FILE_SHARE_DELETE` was intentional.
- We don't set any sharing flags in `mingw_utime()`, which changes the
access and modification of a file. This makes it impossible to
perform any kind of operation on this file at all from another
process. While we only open the file for a short amount of time to
update its timestamps, this still opens us up for a race condition
with another process.
`mingw_utime()` was originally implemented via `_wopen()`, which
doesn't give you full control over the sharing mode. Instead, it
calls `_wsopen()` with `_SH_DENYNO`, which ultimately translates to
`FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE`. It was then refactored via
090a3085bc (t/helper/test-chmtime: update mingw to support chmtime
on directories, 2022-03-02) to use `CreateFileW()`, but we stopped
setting any sharing flags at all, which seems like an unintentional
side effect. By restoring `FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE` we
thus fix this and get back the old behaviour of `_wopen()`.
The fact that we didn't set the equivalent of `FILE_SHARE_DELETE`
can be explained, as well: neither `_wopen()` nor `_wsopen()` allow
you to do so. So overall, it doesn't seem intentional that we didn't
allow deletions here, either.
Adapt both of these callsites to pass all three sharing flags.
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
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Remove some complier warnings from msvc in compat/mingw.c for value
truncation from 64 bit to 32 bit integers.
Compiling compat/mingw.c under a 64 bit version of msvc produces
warnings. An "int" is 32 bit, and ssize_t or size_t should be 64 bit
long. Prepare compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h to have a 64 bit type
_ssize_t, when _WIN64 is defined and 32 bit otherwise.
Further down in this include file, as before, ssize_t is defined as
_ssize_t, if needed.
Use size_t instead of int for all variables that hold the result of
strlen() or wcslen() (which cannot be negative).
Use ssize_t to hold the return value of read().
Signed-off-by: Sören Krecker <soekkle@freenet.de>
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
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Code clean-up.
* ps/environ-wo-the-repository: (21 commits)
environment: stop storing "core.notesRef" globally
environment: stop storing "core.warnAmbiguousRefs" globally
environment: stop storing "core.preferSymlinkRefs" globally
environment: stop storing "core.logAllRefUpdates" globally
refs: stop modifying global `log_all_ref_updates` variable
branch: stop modifying `log_all_ref_updates` variable
repo-settings: track defaults close to `struct repo_settings`
repo-settings: split out declarations into a standalone header
environment: guard state depending on a repository
environment: reorder header to split out `the_repository`-free section
environment: move `set_git_dir()` and related into setup layer
environment: make `get_git_namespace()` self-contained
environment: move object database functions into object layer
config: make dependency on repo in `read_early_config()` explicit
config: document `read_early_config()` and `read_very_early_config()`
environment: make `get_git_work_tree()` accept a repository
environment: make `get_graft_file()` accept a repository
environment: make `get_index_file()` accept a repository
environment: make `get_object_directory()` accept a repository
environment: make `get_git_common_dir()` accept a repository
...
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